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DELTA: Newsletter of the Canadian Global Change Program
Vol. 4., No. 2, Summer 1993

IN THIS ISSUE

Scientist Warning to Humanity
Readers Write
6Ka BP Paleoclimate workshop
CGCP NOW
Prairie Biology Students Discuss Global Change
DELTA Readership: Taking Stock After 3 years
IGBP Update
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
UN University Research and Training Centre
Eco-Research Grants Awarded
New Network for Environmental Education
Fellowships for Environmental Education
Data and Information
Campfires - the Environmental Costs
Opinion
Mackenzie Basin Impact Study: Interim Report
Recent Publications
Events Calander
Symposium on Ecosystem Health and Medicine

----------------------------------------------------

DELTA: NEWSLETTER OF THE CANADIAN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM (CGCP) is
published quarterly by the Royal Society of Canada (RSC). It is
named after the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, a universal
symbol for incremental change. This issue was edited and produced
by K. Mortimer. The members of the DELTA Editorial Board are
B. Bornhold (RSC), S. Curry (RSC), M.R. Dence (RSC), F. Kenneth
Hare (Trent University), R.A. Price (Queen's University) and
J. Holmes (Parliamentary Centre for Foreign Affairs and Foreign
Trade). We thank everyone who contributed.

Your contributions or comments are always welcome. The next
submission deadline is August 3, 1993. Letters or articles in
either official language should be sent to:

DELTA
Canadian Global Change Program
c/o The Royal Society of Canada
P.O. Box 9734, Ottawa, Ontario  K1G 5J4.
Phone:       [phone]
Fax:         [phone]
INTERNET:    [e-mail]
WEB:         CGCPRSC

The CANADIAN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM is the national focal point for
global change activity in Canada. It represents a multidisciplinary
network for coordinating research and communicating results, ideas
and recommendations to the policy and research communities.

Funds and indirect support are provided by the Green Plan, the
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Social
Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Medical Research
Council, the National Research Council, federal departments
(including Agriculture Canada, Energy Mines and Resources,
Environment Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and
Forestry Canada), non-government organizations, crown corporations,
private industry and provincial governments.

The CGCP Secretariat Staff:

Simon Curry, Executive Director, RSC
Paul Hough, Director, Programs, RSC
Brian Bornhold, Director
Dave Henderson, Information Specialist
Karen Mortimer, Program Assistant
Marie Ross, Administrative Assistant
Annette Shaw, Cartoonist

The opinions expressed in this newsletter are those of the
writers, and do not necessarily represent those of the CGCP.

Aussi disponible en franais. Veuillez voir la formulaire 'abonnement.

******************************************************************

Scientists' Warning to Humanity

by Karen Mortimer Canadian Global Change Program

About 1700 senior scientists from 71 different countries --
including 104 Nobel laureates -- are so concerned about the
threat of environmental degradation that they have gone public
and signed the now well known World Scientists' Warning to
Humanity. The initiative is the first step in the Global
Resources Project, a long-term campaign by the Union of Concerned
Scientists (UCS). UCS is a U.S.-based non-profit organization
that conducts technical studies and public education, and seeks
to influence government policy at the local, state, federal and
international levels. The statement signed by scientists is about
two pages long. It briefly describes the stress that human
activities have inflicted on six areas of the environment, and
outlines the human population problem. It then issues the
following warning:

We the undersigned, senior members of the world's scientific
community, hereby warn all humanity of what lies ahead. A great
change in our stewardship of the earth and the life on it is
required if vast human misery is to be avoided and our global
home on this planet is not to be irretrievably mutilated.

The statement goes on to make five suggestions as to "what we
must do", from bringing environmentally damaging activities under
control, to managing resources more effectively, to reducing and
eventually eliminating poverty.

The statement drew the attention of many heads of state,
including Canada's own Prime Minister Mulroney, who strongly
endorsed the statement. In a letter to Henry Kendall, chairman of
the Union of Concerned Scientists, the Prime Minister said that
"Canada stands committed to contribute its fair share to the
global effort to ensure that economic development is undertaken
in an environmentally responsible manner. This international
effort requires initiatives on a wide variety of fronts and
Canada is fully prepared to do its part." He went on to mention
that he signed the instruments of ratification for the
Biodiversity Convention and the Climate Change Convention, that
Canada has already put in place strategies to ensure their
domestic implementation and will encourage international efforts
to do the same .

As a follow-up to the Warning to Humanity initiative, which
received a great deal of media coverage all over the world, the
UCS has produced a briefing book containing articles from
scientific journals on the issues raised. The book can be
obtained for a minimal charge at the UCS address given below.

The organization is also planning a series of meetings with
national scientific academies and societies around the world to
examine ways of engaging their memberships in the organization of
relevant studies, educational activities and, according to Howard
Ris, director of the UCS, "to build a stronger ethic in the
scientific community as regards stewardship of the earth."

In other areas, UCS hopes to launch a variety of campus-based
activities in the U.S., including curriculum development, and UCS
Chairman Henry Kendall is doing speaking tours to further
heighten awareness of the scientists' message.

For more information or a copy of the World Scientists' Warning
to Humanity, contact the Public Information Office, Union of
Concerned Scientists, 26 Church Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
U.S.A. 02238. Telephone: [phone]; fax: [phone].

******************************************************************

Readers Write

Dear Editor:

Re. International Geosphere-Biosphere Program Report No. 24 and
Report No. 25

These two reports follow the pattern of previous reports, and are
well written, clear and concise summaries of needs and plans for
research, produced by a working group or committee. Without in
any way wishing to criticise the suggested programs, I would like
to make separate but related comments on each.

Report No. 25, Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone --
Science Plan, begins with a restatement of the aims of the
International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP), and states that
"Predictions of impacts of global change will focus on time
scales of decades to centuries." Under "Geographic
considerations" in the same report, identified categories of
coastal areas and environmental issues include:

areas affected by rapid increase in population, urban pollution,
and severe exploitation of living resources; coastal areas
characterized by industrial and agricultural pollution, coastal
engineering and highly efficient fishing practices; polar and
sub-polar areas vulnerable to coastal erosion by sea-level rise ,
permafrost degradation and increased UV; delta system population
centres susceptible to sea-level subsidence and rise, and human-
induced lowering of surface; upwelling systems with, in the
coastal zone, inputs of nutrients that are controlled by
variations in ocean climate

Four of the five considerations are dominantly induced by current
and accelerating human activity, including ubiquitous population
growth. All of these are obvious and measurable, but their
seriousness and particularly their interactions are probably best
understood by the scientists who study them. Why then, is there
no sense of urgency in the report? Why is there no call to
participants in the program to emphasise what they plainly
already know, and to demand immediate measures to alleviate the
results of increasing human interaction with the physical and
biological aspects of the coastal zone?

Report No. 24 (also Human Dimensions of Global Environmental
Change Programme [HDP] Report No. 5) Relating Land Use and Global
Land-Cover Change: A Proposal for an IGBP-HDP Core Project. It is
recommended that an interdisciplinary research program involving
both social and natural sciences should project future states of
land cover. The driving forces for land use and land-cover
changes remain the three functions described by Commoner in 1972
--population, affluence and technology. To these the authors of
the report would add another three--political economy, political
structure, and attitudes and values. A distinction is made
between global and regional systems and data, and research is
driven by subjective interpretations rather than by attempts to
test different hypotheses.

The contrast between the first three driving forces, which are
essentially objective and measurable, and the second three, which
are essentially subjective and not easily measured, is important
and represents the philosophical difference between empiricism
and deduction from postulates. The latter represents a different
approach to reality and may in fact obscure the seriousness of
observed changes in land cover by comparing values--that are in
fact incomparable--between physical reality and economic
modelling.

The authors state that "While empirical assessments should
provide strong clues about driving forces, experience suggests
that `inductive' assessments will not be sufficient . Further
insights will follow from tests of theories that specify the
process and relationships in question." This reminds one of the
old quip overheard at a gathering of planners: "What makes you
think that it would work in theory just because it works in
practice?"

Dr. Digby McLaren
Ottawa, Ontario

******************************************************************

Six Thousand Years Before Present Paleoclimate Workshop

by Dr. John Matthews
Geological Survey of Canada

In late-November 1992, members of the Canadian climate modelling
and paleo-proxy communities met in Ottawa to discuss and plan
options for research under the Paleoclimate-Model Intercomparison
Project (PMIP). The three day workshop was organized by the
Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and jointly sponsored by the
GSC, Canadian Climate Centre and the Canadian Global Change
Program.

The Ottawa workshop dealt specifically with the 6 ka BP time
slice, one of several being tested under the PMIP. The main
objective of the meeting was to examine ways that the paleo-proxy
people holding 6 ka data might begin to work with the Canadian
modellers in their model intercomparison activities. It was clear
from the discussions that an important first step was for the
paleo-proxy group to develop a cross-Canada 6 ka synthesis
incorporating all available data, including those that were more
qualitative in nature. Helene Jette and her colleagues at GSC
have started this effort and presented results of a preliminary 6
ka vegetation map for Canada.

The meeting helped establish a working relationship between
Canadian climate mo dellers and paleo-proxy workers. Plans are
now being drafted for a multi-year collaborative research project
that will deal with the 6 ka period and a number of other time
slices of interest to both groups. This project will represent a
multi-sectoral consortium involving scientists from Canadian
universities, the GSC, the Canadian Climate Centre and other
government agencies, and will respond to the objectives set out
by several international global change programs.

An abstract volume of the presentations made at the meeting will
be published by the Canadian Global Change Program in June 1993.
There are plans to publish a more ambitious, multi- authored,
peer-reviewed book on the Canadian 6 ka paleo-environment in
1994. It is expected that this document will represent a baseline
for future work in Canada. The GSC will be organizing several
regional workshops as a follow-up to the 6 ka workshop. These are
designed to establish contact and solicit advice from researchers
unable to attend the Ottawa meeting. The workshops are scheduled
to be held in 1993 and early 1994, and will cover all regions of
Canada.

Anyone interested in being involved in these workshops or
desiring further information on the collaborative project should
contact John Matthews (613-996-6371) or Helene Jette
(613-992-0581) of the GSC, Ottawa.

******************************************************************

CGCP NOW

The Health Issues Panel is developing a Framework for
Health-related Global Change Research. This document will divide
research activities into four categories--threats to health from
industrial/agricultural pollution, from changes in the global
environment, from current and future patterns and levels of
consumption, and from behavioral responses. A delphi inquiry was
undertaken in April and May to get feedback from researchers,
practitioners and policy-makers on priorities to be assigned to
this framework. The panel met in mid-June to review this list of
priorities, and sought further input and other viewpoints through
meetings with selected members of the research community and
representatives from relevant government departments. The panel
is currently preparing the report, which is expected to be
available by the fall of 1993.

The Long-Term Ecosystem Research and Monitoring Panel has
assembled material for a report on Canadian ecosystem monitoring
and research programs that are either under way or at an advanced
stage of planning. The structure of the report was reviewed at
the last panel meeting in Toronto, on May 17 and 18, and selected
panel members have started to write report sections. The next
panel meeting is scheduled for this October and the release of
the report is now planned for early 1994.

The Arctic Panel met in Whitehorse, Yukon from May 14 to 16 and
held a concurrent workshop called The Human Dimensions of Global
Change, co-sponsored by the Canadian Global Change Program
(CGCP), the Association of Canadian Universities for Northern
Studies (ACUNS) and the Northern Research Institute of Yukon
College. It focused on implications of global environmental
change that are of particular concern to those living and working
in Arctic regions. Participants were asked to define the major
relevant issues and to recommend necessary research programs and
policy responses. Using results obtained from this workshop and
earlier ones, the panel is now preparing its report, which the
CGCP plans to release this fall.

Since the spring, the Data and Information Systems Panel has
continued to develop several products, namely a discussion
document on barriers to third-party access, the development and
update of an Internet application and the creation of two
electronic mail conferences -- one through the CGCP Research
Committee with a national focus and the other international --
devoted to global change-related data and information concerns.
The panel is also developing a pamphlet series on good global
change data and information management practices which will be
available to researchers and decision-makers this fall. See page
__ for more information on global change data and information
management.

Canadian Options for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction (COGGER).
This blue-ribbon panel met in the spring and is currently
finalizing a first draft of its report. It is now expected that
the panel will be releasing it, in both official languages , in
the fall of 1993. Formal briefings for policy-makers and
industries will be organized to complement the distribution of
the report. The CGCP Secretariat participated in several events
this spring, including an Earth Day celebration put on in Toronto
by Ontario Hydro, the founding meeting for EECOM -- the Canadian
Network for Environmental Education and Communication (see page
__), a conference in Portland, Maine called A Regional Response
to Global Climate Change: New England and Eastern Canada, a
Canadian Association of Geographers event at the Learned
Societies Conference '93, a conference called Environment and
Energy Education in the Decade of Decision, and EnviroFest, all
in Ottawa, and the 25th International Symposium on Remote Sensing
and Global Environmental Change in Graz, Austria.

Global Change and Canadians is now available, and the CGCP
Secretariat is currently coordinating the development of a
teachers' guide to accompany it. The teachers' guide will be
available free of charge with a purchase of the book, and will be
ready in early September. If you wish to purchase the book before
then, please indicate on your order that you would like to
receive a copy of the teachers' guide once it is ready.

This month the CGCP is publishing the final report of the
Critical Zones Panel--a report entitled Canadian Critical
Environmental Zones: Concepts, Goals and Resources. The report
will be available free of charge from the CGCP Secretariat as of
mid-June.

The CGCP also published the proceedings from a conference in St.
John's, Newfoundland entitled The Scientific Challenge of Our
Changing Environment. The March 3 to 5 conference was organized
by TERRAMON and the Newfoundland Section of the Geological
Association of Canada. TERRAMON is a cooperative network of
organizations and agencies that facilitates the long-term
monitoring of and research on environmental change in
Newfoundland and Labroador. For more information on TERRAMON or
the conf erence, contact TERRAMON, Centre for Earth Resources
Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of
Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X5. Telephone: (709)
737-4519; fax: [phone].

An abstract volume of the presentations made at a workshop on
options for research under the Paleoclimate-Model Intercomparison
Project (PMIP) has recently been published by the CGCP. See
article on page __ for more information.

******************************************************************

Prairie Biology Students Discuss Global Change

by Glenn Sutter
University of Regina

Every year for the last 27 years, graduate and undergraduate
biology students from universities in Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
Alberta and North Dakota have met to present and discuss their
research at the Prairie University Biological Seminars (PUBS).
PUBS '93 brought over 100 students and academics together at the
University of Regina from February 25 to 27. In total, 56 papers
and 13 posters were presented.

For the first time a paper session was devoted to Conservation
Biology and Global Change. Topics in this session ranged from
potential impact of sea-level rise on polar bear habitat in
northern Manitoba, to the distribution of forest songbirds in
relation to stand age. Next year PUBS will be at the University
of Calgary.

For more information on PUBS '93, contact the PUBS Organizing
Committee, Dept. of Biology, University of Regina, Regina,
Saskatchewan S4S 0A2. Telephone: [phone]; fax: (306)
585-4894.

******************************************************************

DELTA Readership: Taking Stock After Three Years

by Dave Henderson
Canadian Global Change Program

Have you ever wondered who else is interested in global change?
We recently extracted some statistics on DELTA readership from
the CGCP database, and thought that some readers might be
interested in knowing what we found out. Please keep in mind that
some of the more subjective classifications/statistics are our
best guesses.

At present, approximately 7,500 copies of DELTA are circulated on
a quarterly basis. Two thirds go to individuals on the CGCP
mailing list, along with the fellowship of the Royal Society of
Canada. Bulk mailing to institutions and distribution at meetings
and conferences accounts for the remainder.

The CGCP mailing list, originally a list of approximately 150
people attending a global change meeting, has grown substantially
over the past three years to a list of more than 5,100
individuals.

Growth of CGCP Mailing List

May 18, 1993 - 5107
February 7, 1993 - 4633
October 7, 1991 - 1627
November 20, 1990 - 874
January 15, 1990 - 150

Geographic Distribution

International
US 282
Europe 189
Cent Am 25
Australasia 23
South Am 26
Asia 29
Canada 4493
Africa 38

National
BC 370
Man 223
NB 127
Nf 153
AB 438
Ont 1998
NS 261
NWT 46
Sask 200
Que 592
PEI 63
Yk 22

Distribution to Organizations

Federal 1110
NGOs 510
Provin 610
Funding agencies 15
Consultant 262
Univsty 1610
Municipal 99
Industry 433
Other 458

This breakdown may be somewhat misleading because an individual
may be involved in many different organizations at one time. For
example, a DELTA recipient may be the chairman of a small NGO
group, a university professor and a member of a provincial task
force.

Occupational Distribution

Supervisor 978
Retired/At home 191
Other 648
Educator 115
Decision Maker 319
Media 103
Operations 573
Researcher 2180

Language Distribution

In the spring of 1992, in an effort to conserve both paper and
money, the CGCP began publishing separate French and English
versions of DELTA.

French 508
English 4514
Both 85

The CGCP is disturbed by the small percentage of francophone
readers and has taken steps, such as an advertisement in Qubec
Science magazine, to try to increase their numbers . There is
much more to do in this area and we challenge our francophone
readership to suggest ways in which we might accomplish this.

Distribution by Interest

With the assistance of our readership in filling out their areas
of expertise/interest on subscription forms, we attempt to
construct a profile of most of our readers' areas of interest.

Biological Sciences 850
Hydrosphere 216
Policy 121
Climate 228
Information 415
Population 20
Economics 131
Law 44
Social S/Hum 325
Energy 156
Health 159
Technology 264
Other 1895
Geoscience 158
Env. Planning/Assessment 104

We hope that it has been enlightening to see how you as a
recipient fit into th e big picture of DELTA readership. We
always like to receive information about your activities so that
over time we can accurately reflect the various distribution
parameters noted above, and continue to fulfill effectively our
multidisciplinary, regional, linguistic and international
mandates.

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IGBP Update

The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) was formed
in 1987 by the International Council of Scientific Unions to
study the significant interactions of biological, chemical, and
physical processes that govern changes in the Earth system and
that are most susceptible to human perturbation. Several huge
core projects are now under way . Canadian scientists are active
both in the organization of the IGBP and in the projects
themselves.

This IGBP Update column will be a regular feature in DELTA from
now on, keeping readers informed of important IGBP developments
and activities both on a national and international level.

In Canada:

Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrologic Cycle (BAHC). A committee of
university and government scientists has been established under
the chairmanship of Dr. Brad Bass of Atmospheric Environment
Service (AES). Dr. Bass is also International Leader of Focus 4
of the project. The committee is laying the groundwork for a
workshop to plan a Canadian BAHC resea rch program. They met on
May 15 and 16 in Edmonton to outline potential goals of the
Canadian BAHC initiative, the linkages with other global change
programs such as the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment
(GEWEX), the Northern Biosphere Observation and Modelling
Experiment (NBIOME), the Boreal Ecosystems-Atmosphere Study
(BOREAS) and other global change activities that are ongoing or
being planned in Canada, and to establish the aims of a next BAHC
workshop.

Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ). During the
first planning meeting of a small ad hoc group which was held in
December 1992 to discuss possible directions for a Canadian LOICZ
program, it was agreed to focus activities on the Arctic as a
Canadian contribution to the international program; this proposal
was presented to the LOICZ office in the U.K., which strongly
endorsed the emphasis. A new ad hoc committee has been
established recently. Members met on June 7, 1993 under the
chairmanship of Dr. Grant Ingram of McGill University to plan a
workshop next year which will lead to the development of a
specific Canadian LOICZ proposal focusing on the Arctic.

International Notes:

The following are excerpts from progress reports on Global Change
and Terrestrial Ecosystem (GCTE) Core and Regional/National
Research projects, originally published in GCTE News, No. 4,
February 1993.

- Ecosystem Responses to Elevated CO2, Hal Mooney, Jasper Ridge,
California, U.S.A. This experimental and modelling effort aims to
evaluate and model the responses of natural grassland ecosystems
to a range of modifications, including elevated CO2, altered
nutrient and water availability, and altered species composition.
The project was initiated in January 1992. Results of the first
year's studies indicated that both grassland types--serpentine
and sandstone--were not very responsive to increased CO2.
Elevated CO2 did not lead to significant changes in species
composition or to significantly increased end-of-season biomass
in either type, but it did lead to increased microbial biomass in
the sandstone ecosystem. Elevated CO2 also led to plant
physiological changes, including increased levels of storage
carbohydrates and acclimation of photosynthetic capacity.

- International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), Ulf Molau
(Coordinator), Goteborg, Sweden. This large, international
project aims to observe and measure responses of selected arctic
and alpine species populations to changing environmental
conditions by monitoring on a circum-arctic basis the performance
of selected species in undisturbed habitats with and without
various environmental manipulations. The basic ITEX experiment,
to be repeated at many sites around the Arctic, is a temperature
enhancement manipulation using open-top chambers.

Preliminary results, reported in December 1992 at the Fourth ITEX
Workshop at the University of Oulu, Finland, indicate that
temperature, solar radiation, snow cover, and precipitation are
the parameters of importance in the tundra for plant responses to
global change. Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments carried out
in Alaska show very little response to CO2 concentration when
compared to similar experiments in other biota. On the other
hand, pilot studies using ITEX chambers (temperature enhancement
only) show significant responses in leaf and fruit biomass
(20-140% increase in different tundra species) and in
reproductive success.

******************************************************************

Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research

by Philip Enros
Office of the Science Advisor, Environment Canada

On March 25th of this year, Canada signed the agreement
establishing the Inter-American Institute for Global Change
Research (IAI). In doing so Canada became one of the founding
parties of the IAI, along with 15 other nations of the Americas.

The founding principles of the IAI are: scientific excellence,
relevance to regionally defined global change issues,
contribution to education and training, promotion of regularized
data and information exchange, and cooperation.

The IAI will operate as a network that will include a Directorate
for centralized functions and IAI Research Centres throughout the
Americas. The centres will conduct and sponsor research on global
change processes of special importance to, and some cases unique
to, the region. Seven research areas have been identified for
initial attention:

Tropical Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles
Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity
El Nino Southern Oscillation and Interannual Climate Variability
Ocean/Atmosphere/Land Interactions in the Inter-tropical Americas
Oceanic, Coastal and Estuarine Processes in Temperate Zones
Temperate Terrestrial Ecosystems
High Latitude Processes

The IAI's governing body is expected to hold its first meeting
early this fall. Since last summer an interim body, the
Implementation Committee, has been preparing the way for this
meeting by drafting position papers on, for example, guidelines
for location of the Directorate, for selection of Research
Centres, and for the work of the Scientific Advisory Committee.
In addition, the Implementation Committee has advanced the IAI's
scientific agenda through a series of workshops, has published a
newsletter, and has successfully applied for funding from the
Global Environmental Facility.

The IAI is potentially an important mechanism whereby Canadian
scientists can cooperate with their colleagues throughout the
Americas in global change research. In the spirit of last year's
Earth Summit, the IAI is also a vehicle for helping Latin
American countries build research capacity and benefit from
world-wide research in this crucial area of knowledge .

The Interdepartmental Committee on Global Change of the federal
government is taking the lead in organizing Canadian
participation in the IAI. This committee will soon be naming
scientists as Canadian contacts for each of the seven IAI
research areas. Details on the IAI's progress and on Canadian
involvement in it will appear in future issues of DELTA.

For more information, contact Dr. Philip Enros, Office of the
Science Advisor, Environment Canada, 25 Eddy St., 3rd floor,
Hull, Quebec K1A OH3. Telephone: [phone] ; fax: (819)
953-0550.

******************************************************************

Feasibility Study for UN University Research and Training Centre
in Ontario

by John H. Dirks, MD
Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto

A feasibility study is currently under way to determine if the
province of Ontario has the resources and infrastructure to
support a United Nations University (UNU) Research and Training
Centre (RTC) on the Environment, Water and Health. The study is
being conducted under the auspices of the UNU and the Ontario
Ministry of Economic Development and Trade.

The overall aim of the centre would be to improve people's health
and quality of life through the promotion of environmental
health, with a focus on: environmental impacts; protection of
water systems; toxicology; potable water distribution systems;
wastewater treatment/remediation/reuse; education; public health;
information technology; biotechnology and management skills.

It is evident, after consulting with thirteen interested Ontario
universities, that there are considerable research, training and
teaching strengths in Ontario in areas such as the protection of
water resources, potable water purification and distribution
technology, industrial and municipal wastewater treatment
technology, contaminants in water, environmental and human health
risk assessment; public health sciences, and information and
communicati on. Many faculties and researchers have
internationally recognized expertise and are currently involved
in advanced research and development. Several universities also
have strong practical approaches that are very appropriate in the
developing world. Therefore, it is thought that the research and
training of the RTC can be satisfactorily met through a network
of universities, co-ordinated by a central body located at one
university. It is visualized that the network, once approved by
the UNU, might be expanded to include other provincial centres.

As training is an integral part of the RTC, a review of Ontario
environmental industries related to environment, water and health
was conducted; over twenty environmental companies were visited.
These industries could potentially provide training to fellows,
curriculum development, research-development projects and
work/study programs.

The RTC would have a number of co-operating units in the major
developing regio ns of the world. Two high priority areas would
be Latin America and Southeast Asia. Each centre would
collaborate with the RTC in research and training, focusing on
the interests and the needs of the region in which it is located.

There would also likely be co-operation with various UN agencies
because, given UNU's mandate, it would be able to undertake
research and training that would be supportive of, complementary
to and additive to the work of the UN system. A considerable
number of UN agencies have been consulted regarding the RTC. It
is also likely that there would be co- operation with both the
Ontario Government and the Federal Government; several ministries
have already been approached.

The international study team includes Dr. John Dirks (Chair),
Professor of Medicine and Health Administration, University of
Toronto; Dr. Asit Biswas, President, International Water
Resources Association; and Dr. Jose Tundisi, Professor, Centre
for Water Resources and Applied Ecology, University of Sao Paulo.
Working in conjunction with the study team are Dr. Rol and Fuchs,
Vice Rector, United Nations University; Mr. S. Chidambaranathan,
Special Advisor to the Rector, United Nations University; and Mr.
John Tylee, Director, International Planning Secretariat,
Ministry of Economic Development and Trade for the Government of
Ontario. The UNU feasibility study is being co-funded by the
Ontario ministries of Economic Development and Trade; Health; and
the Environment.

For more information contact Dr. J. Dirks, Department of
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 200
Elizabeth St., EN1-222, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4. Telephone:
[phone]; fax: [phone].

******************************************************************

Eco-Research Grants Awarded

Several new research grants were recently awarded by the
Eco-Research program, an initiative supported by the three
federal granting councils--the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council (NSERC), the Medical Research Council (MRC) and
the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)--and
Environment Canada through the Green Plan.

The program, which began in 1991, supports advanced Canadian
research and training in environmental studies, and emphasizes
cross-disciplinary research. Support is available through three
program components; Research Grants (which include both
"research" and "development" grants), University Research Chairs
and Fellowships.

Below is a list of the Research Grants awarded by the program in
March 1993. A list of successful Letters of Intent and
Development Grants, as well as successful Doctoral Fellowships
and recommendations of the Selection Committee for the University
Chair component of the program can be obtained by contacting the
Eco-Research Tri-Council Secretariat at the address shown below.

Successful Research Grants:

Esteban Chornet, Genie chimique, Universite de
Sherbrooke--Strategies d'optimisation d'ecosystemes regionaux
(STOPER) ($1,500,000)

Philippe J. Crabb, Economics, University of Ottawa--Ecosystem
Recovery on the St. Lawrence ($2,250,000)

George Francis, Environmental and Resource Studies, University of
Waterloo--Issues of Sustainability for an Urbanizing Watershed
($2,100,000)

Michael Healey, Oceanography, University of British Columbia --
Prospects for Sustainability: Integrative Approaches to
Sustaining the Ecosystem Funct ion of the Lower Fraser Basin
($2,400,000)

Mark Sproule-Jones, Political Science, McMaster University --
Hamilton Harbour: Toward Restoring and Sustaining a Healthy
Ecosystem ($2,100,000)

David Waltner-Toews, Population Medicine, University of Guelph --
Agroecosystem Health: Characterization, Diagnosis, Management
($1,350,000)

For more information on the Eco-Research program contact the
Tri-Council Secretariat, 255 Albert Street, P.O. Box 1610,
Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6G4. Telephone [phone] ; fax: (613)
947-0223.

******************************************************************

New Network for Environmental Education

Based on files from the Canadian Network for Environmental
Education and Communication

Canadian environmental educators have just formed a national
network to support environmental education. The network is called
EECOM: The Canadian Network for Environmental Education and
Communication.

About 35 people representing all the provinces and territories
(except the Yukon whose invitee could not attend) and a variety
of sectors, from the kindergarten through grade 13 school system
to industry and NGOs attended a spring meeting in Merrickville,
Ontario to put the final touches on the fledgling organization.
EECOM grew out of two meetings that were held last fall at the
World Congress for Education and Communication on Environment and
Development (ECO-ED), and a survey on environmental education
conducted in May 1992 by the UNESCO-Canada Man and the Biosphere
Program (MAB).

Some goals of the network include:

- encouraging communication and the exchange of information among
Canadians involved in environmental education using such tools as
a database of programs, services, skills and resources, a
newsletter and electronic networks

- improving environmental education in Canada by such means as
assessing its status in Canada, providing professional
recognition for good environmental education, developing
standards for innovation and excellence, and by supporting the
use of low consumption means of communication for environmental
education

- developing a greater awareness of environmental education in
Canada through the promotion of environmental education programs
at all levels and in all jurisdictions

- facilitating discussion of environmental education issues in
local, national and international contexts by providing members
with access to current environmental education research and by
keeping members informed about environmental education
initiatives locally, globally and nationally

- continuing to expand and strengthen the network by such means
as ensuring that all sectors, regions and disciplines are
included, encouraging collaborative and cooperative activities
among network members, and operating the network in an
environmentally sensitive fashion.

This is a brief summary of EECOM's goals. A Steering Committee
and Working Groups are in the process of further developing and
implementing the objectives and strategies outlined in the
network's draft Mission Statement. This will be accomplished
through regional meetings and finally the first national meeting,
planned for spring 1994.

If you would like more information or are interested in joining a
working group contact Anne Camozzi, Interim Coordinator, EECOM,
P.O. Box 1514, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2L8. Telephone: (902)
863-5984; fax: [phone].

******************************************************************

Alberta -- Fellowships in Environmental Education

The Friends of Environmental Education Society of Alberta has set
up a series of teacher-training institutes called The Fellowships
in Environmental Education Program, each of which addresses a
different environmental topic. Participants usually include
between 25 and 30 school teachers, administrators and consultants
from across Alberta. Two or three may come from other provinces,
and a few spaces are kept open for post-secondary instructors,
community educators and educational staff from government and
industry.

The Fellowships are seen as a means of developing a leadership
network of educators who can tackle complex and relevant
environmental issues in the classroom with first hand knowledge
and experience. A bias-balanced approach is being taken at the
institutes, which means that presenters are brought in from
industry and government as well as environment/community groups
and the research community. Over 9 to 12 days participants learn
through workshops, facility tours, lectures and hands-on
experiments, and travel around to different areas of the province
to observe first-hand the issues being discussed. Funding for the
program comes from a variety of industries and businesses,
government departments and school jurisdictions, and covers the
Fellows' room and board, travel and materials.

For more information contact the Friends of Environmental
Education Society of Alberta, 320, 9939 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton,
Alberta T5J 2X5. Telephone: [phone]; fax: [phone].

******************************************************************

Data and Information--Maintaining the Currency of Global Change
Research

by Dave Henderson
Canadian Global Change Program

The currency of global change research--data and information--has
incalculable value not only to an individual researcher or team
but to third-party researchers who, with confidence in the
quality of these data, may chose to reuse them rather than
duplicate their collection, processing and analysis, or who may
require them to complement their own data. In these days of
shrinking research budgets and increasing concern for our global
environment, the potential for reuse or "secondary analysis" of
data by so-called third party researchers has been gaining
acceptance, initially in the realm of human dimensions research
and more recently in the physical sciences.

A number of initiatives, internationally and nationally, have
evolved in support of increasing third-party access to and
utility of this currency. There are too many to list outright,
but in past issues of DELTA we have noted a few, such as the
International Directory Network (Vol. 4, No. 1), the Global
Resource Information Database (Vol. 3, No. 2), and Environmental
Statistics at Statistics Canada (Vol. 2, No. 2). Implicit in
these initiatives and others like them is the concept of
increasing awareness that such data and information exist.

The Canadian Global Change Program's (CGCP's) Data and
Information Systems Panel has focused its resources in this very
direction. By late fall of 1993, the panel will release a
discussion paper on the barriers to the access and utility of
data and information that are faced by third-party global change
researchers. As part of a comprehensive strategy to promote sound
data management practices the panel has developed some
common-sense guidelines for good archival practices and citations
of computer-readable datafiles (see inserts on this page).
Another initiative of the panel, which complements existing
national and international projects, is the creation of a
prototype of a Directory of Data and Information Directories to
support Canadian global change research.

The directory is part of a larger Internet-accessible
application, created with the support of the Library of the
University of Alberta, which provides on-line access to CGCP
information, including publications, research questions and the
terms of reference and membership of panels. It is a full-text
searchable listing of sources or repositories of data and
information that could potentially be of use to the global change
research community. The directory provides access to other
similar applications such as the Consortium of International
Earth Sciences Information Network (CIESIN), recently designated
as the lead agency in the formation of a Human Dimensions of
Global Environmental Change Program (HDP) Data and Information
System, GCNet and EnviroLink. To access the CGCP application and
the directory, log onto a system supporting an Internet gopher
client and enter:

GOPHER DATALIB.LIBRARY.UALBERTA.CA 70

The Directory is a prototype and we encourage those accessing it
to provide feedback on how it can be improved.

Recognizing the need for Canadian global change data and
information initiatives to evolve in concert with those of our
international partners, the CGCP has created an electronic mail
conference with selected international programs who have similar
concerns.

For more information telephone Dave Henderson at [phone],
or contact him via the CGCP electronic and mailing addresses
provided on page two of this newsletter.


Credit where Credit is Due: Proper Citation of Computer Readable
Datafiles

Increasing use is being made of computer-based data and
information in global change research and, as with any other
forms of recorded information, care should be taken to ensure
that these media are cited consistently.

As part of a pamphlet series, the CGCP and Anna Bombak of the
University of Alberta Library have developed a document to
explain and provide examples of a format that may be used to cite
computer readable datafiles as sources in bibliographies,
footnotes and so on. To obtain a copy of Citing Computer Readable
Datafiles and Other Electronic Materials, contact Dave Henderson
at the CGCP Secretariat (see telephone and fax number above).


An Ounce of Prevention: Data Archiving Guidelines

Data collected in the course of a global change research project
is truly a snap-shot in time--one that often cannot be
duplicated. Horror stories of data collection mishaps and loss
abound. To guard against the possibility of such events the
investigator(s) should ensure that due consideration is given to
what happens after the "data are in the can".

As a guide to researchers, the CGCP is developing a pamphlet on
common sense guidelines for good data archival practices. To
obtain more information on this pamphlet or others being
developed in the series, please contact Dave Henderson at the
CGCP Secretariat (see telephone and fax number above).

******************************************************************

Campfires--The Environmental Cost

by Eric Tremblay
Park Ecologist, Kouchibouguac National Park

Since their inception, national parks throughout Canada have
allowed people to burn firewood in shelters, campgrounds and
picnic areas for cooking, heating and enjoyment. A campfire at
night is recognized as being a part of the wilderness experience.
But this enjoyment of the wilderness has had and is still having
a significant impact on our environment. Because of a "no charge
for firewood" policy in many parks, thousands of cords of wood
are burned only for aesthetic purposes. A preliminary analysis of
the amount of wood consumed in the main campgrounds of four
Atlantic Region National Parks was conducted. We consider a "main
campground" as being the most popular front-country campground in
a national park--one that remains open the longest during the
main visitor season (mid-May to mid-October). The reason for
choosing only the main campgrounds is that in day use areas,
backcountry campsites and kitchen shelters, wood tends to be used
mostly for cooking. In the main campgrounds the wood is used for
cooking to a certain extent, but is mostly for enjoyment.

The analysis revealed that a total of 1671.5 cords of wood was
burned in the campgrounds of the four national parks between 1989
and 1992. Kouchibouguac National Park (NP), having the highest
occupancy rate, consumed 957.9 cords, followed by Kejimkujik NP
with 289 cords, Cape Breton Highlands NP, 280 cords, and Fundy NP
using 144.6 cords.

Several factors can explain these differences, such as the number
of campsites, the number of fireplaces available, the occupancy
rate per campground and fire prohibitions during periods of
drought. For example, Cape Breton Highlands NP has 552 campsites
with fireplaces in only 84, while Kouchibouguac NP has 251
campsites all equipped with fireplaces, and an occupancy rate of
approximately 100% for the months of July and August.

Despite these factors it is possible to see the effect of
providing free firewood versus selling it. Kouchibouguac NP has
251 campsites and all have fireplaces. Kejimkujik NP has 329
campsites and they all have fireplaces as well. When one looks at
the amount of wood cons umed in terms of cubic meters (m3) per
campsite-night (see Table 1) it is clear that Kejimkujik NP
consumes less wood per campsite-night than Kouchibouguac, despite
the fact that the latter has more campsites and more
campsite-nights than the former. The same comparison can be made
between Kouchibouguac and Fundy. The main reason is probably that
Kejimkujik and Fundy sell their wood whereas Kouchibouguac does
not.

TABLE 1: Average cubic meters (m3) of wood consumed per
campsite-night in four Atlantic Region National Parks for the
1992 season.

                  m3/campsite total            Comments
                  -night      campsite-nights

Kouchibouguac NP    0.1368        17,571       Wood free, 251
                                               fireplaces
Kejimkujik NP       0.0126        21,500       Wood sold, 329
                                               fireplaces
Fundy NP             0.0113       11,686       Wood sold, 246
                                               fireplaces
Cape Breton          0.0099       25,500       Wood free,
Highlands NP                                   84 fireplaces

When burning wood, 1kg of fuel produces 1.5kg of CO2, according
to Environment Canada (1992). The 1671.5 cords of wood that have
been consumed between 1989 and 1992 in these four national parks
have released approximately 4161.85 metric tons of CO2 into the
atmosphere, contributing to the increase of atmospheric CO2.
Furthermore, these 1671.5 cords of wood are the equivalent of
clearcutting 83.58 acres of mature boreal forest. It should be
pointed out here that this is only an equivalency. The
acquisition of that firewood did not necessarily come from
clearcutting--several methods of harvest were used.

Selling firewood in all campgrounds would be environmentally and
economically beneficial, as has been observed in the parks
presently doing so. A decrease in CO2 emissions would occur,
while small businesses could be created by local entrepreneurs to
meet the demand, creating jobs at the same time.

The argument here is not against any park in particular, neither
is it against having a campfire at night to enhance the quality
of the experience of camping in a national park . Rather, it is
to reduce the excessive consumption of firewood in campgrounds,
and to encourage those involved in managing campgrounds to reduce
the impact of visitors on the environment.

References:

Environment Canada. 1992. Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
Estimates for 1990 . Environmental Protection Series, Report EPS
5/AP/4.

Graham, R., P.W. Nilsen and R.J. Payne. 1987. Visitor Activity
Planning and Man agement in Canadian National Parks: Marketing
Within a Context of Integration, in Social Science in Natural
Resource Management Systems, Miller, M.L., R.P. Gale and P.J.
Brown (eds.). Boulder: Westview Press, 149-166.

Parks Canada. 1979. Parks Canada Policy.

******************************************************************

Mackenzie Basin Impact Study--Interim Report Released

A six-year study called the Mackenzie Basin Impact Study (MBIS)
is currently under way to assess the potential impacts of global
warming on the Mackenzie Basin Region and its inhabitants. The
study is being supported mainly by the Government of Canada's
Green Plan, and participants include representatives from Native
communities, the energy sector, government and academia.

In March 1993, Interim Report #1 was released, describing the
study framework, structure, organization, methods and data, and
identifying the participants. The following is an excerpt from
the Executive Summary of the Report, and comprises a section
entitled Highlights of Results to Date:

Four scenarios of warmer climates have been developed. Three were
derived from general circulation models (GCMs). The fourth is a
composite based on data from the past (instrumental and paleo-
ecological records). The GCM-based scenarios for an equivalent
doubling of CO2 (assumed to occur in 2050) show a warming of
about 5C, while the composite scenario indicates warming of 3C.
All four show increased precipitation for the basin as a whole,
but with some decreases over parts of the basin during the summer.

A population growth model and a multi-region input/output (MRIO)
model have been constructed in order to produce four scenarios of
population and economic growth for the MBIS region. Projections
of total employment over the next 50 years range from a sixfold
increase under the high resource growth scenario to a decline
under conditions of low growth and a move of government services
out of the region. The most likely scenario, however, is one of
moderate growth in the resource sector, which would imply roughly
a doubling of total regional employment. Similar projections have
been made for changes in final demand for goods and services.
These scenarios provide a range of economic possibilities that
need to be considered in the context of a changing climate.

A model of Peace River freeze-up has been developed and is ready
to be applied to scenarios of climatic warming.

An inventory of landslides in the Mackenzie Valley has been
completed. Preliminary results of thermal modelling show how thaw
depth would increase in a hypothetical scenario of warmer
temperatures and increased snow depth.

A preliminary investigation of possible impacts on Beaufort Sea
ice found that the open water season would lengthen, the extent
of open water would increase, accompanied by increasing wave
heights, and maximum ice thickness would decrease.

Two studies of remote communities were initiated in 1992. The
first included field interviews on community responses to high
water events in Fort Liard and Aklavik. Interviews were also
conducted in Aklavik as part of a study on climate and land-use
activities.

#The community of Lutsel k'e (Snowdrift, N.W.T.) has agreed to
participate in a study of traditional knowledge of climate.
Efforts are under way to seek additional funding for this work.

A series of interviews on resource management goals was
initiated. So far, these have been conducted in the upper Peace
River region, Edmonton, Norman Wells, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk. The
sample size is too small for analysis, so additional interviews
will be held in 1993.

For more information on the study contact the Project Leader,
Stewart Cohen, by phone at [phone], or fax at (416)
739-4297. If you would like to be placed on the mailing list to
receive the MBIS Newsletter, or would like to receive a copy of
Interim Report #1, write to Communications Branch, Environment
Canada, Room 210, Twin Atria No. 2, 4999-98th Avenue, Edmonton,
Alberta T6B 2X3.

******************************************************************

OPINION

The following essay formed the substance of a letter from Dr. Don
Chant, Professor of zoology, University of Toronto, to Dr. Digby
McLaren, commenting on the manuscript of a paper entitled Why
Control Population?, to be published as a chapter in a book on
"Building World Security" by the Canadian Pugwash Group.

When, as a practising ecologist 35 years ago, learning from my
own research on insect population dynamics, I first became aware
of the problem of human overpopulation, I came to believe that
there was a chance, albeit faint, that rationality and logic
would prevail and solutions would emerge and be implemented on a
global scale. I no longer hold that belief: decades have been
lost with nothing but, at best, a nibbling at the edges of the
problem in a few quarters--and meanwhile the population has
doubled to 5.4 billion.

Even in Canada, with one of the most literate, well educated
societies in the world and an extensive communications system,
the prevailing view still seems to be that we are underpopulated
although we consume, waste and destroy at 30 times the rate in,
say, Bangladesh, and Quebec actually pays couples to have
children.

Politicians at all levels still preach that Canada needs more
people, and none has ever been defeated for this nonsense--even
though in the most pragmatic terms we know that we cannot find
employment for all those living here today. The welfare rolls
keep growing, and we have our own counterparts of the Brazilian
forests and all the other environmental pressures attendant on
overpopulation.

Seemingly, despite the efforts of those with clear insights into
the issue, there has been not the slightest dent in our national
psyche on the subject of human population. If we cannot come to
grips with this issue in Canada--cannot even create an awareness
of the problem --what hope is there for the rest of the world?

My own, now thoroughly jaundiced view is that there will be some
global tinkering that may buy a bit of time, perhaps a few
decades, before biosphere collapse really is upon us--and by then
it will be too late. Too late, that is, for H. sapiens, but very
good news indeed for the other species that have been able to
survive our few millennia of onslaught. No doubt cockroaches will
survive even us. I have made the metamorphosis from youthful
optimism to mature pessimism in my few short years on earth and
there doesn't seem to be any way back.

******************************************************************

Recent Publications

Bulletin of the Canadian GEWEX Secretariat [Bulletin du
secrtariat canadien de GEWEX]. A new newsletter on the Global
Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) published by
Environment Canada. Bilingual. Free. Order from the Canadian
GEWEX Secretariat/Secrtariat de GEWEX, National Hydrology
Research Centre/Centre national de recherche en hydrologie, 11
Innovation Blvd. , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3H5. Tel: (306)
975-4215; fax: [phone].

Cumulative Environmental Effects Bulletin [Bulletin sur les ffets
environnement aux cumulatifs]. A new newsletter published jointly
by Environment Canada and the Federal Assessment Review Office.
Quarterly. Published in English and French. Free. For more
information: Carmen Drouin, CEE Bulletin, FEARO, Fontaine
Building, 14 th Floor, 200 Sacr-Coeur Blvd., Hull, Quebec K1A
0H3. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone].

Dossier of Climate Change Fact Sheets. Published by the
Information Unit on Climate Change (IUCC) of the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP). Free. To order write to IUCC, UNEP,
C.P. 356, 15 chemin des Anmones, CH-1219 Chtelaine, Geneva,
Switzerland.

The Earth Summit's Agenda for Change: A plain language version of
Agenda 21 by Michael Keating. 70p. Published by the Centre for
Our Common Future (1993). Available in English, French, German,
Italian, Russian and Spanish. US$10.00 (20 or more copies: US$7
.50), postage and packaging included. Order from the Centre for
Our Common Future, 52, rue de s Pquis, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland.

Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems. Edited by
Stephen Woodley (Canadian Parks Service), George Francis
(University of Waterloo) and James Kay (Universi ty of Waterloo).
224p. Published by St. Lucie Press, Florida (1993). US$55.00 plus
US$4.95 shipping and handling. Order from: St. Lucie Press, 100
E. Linton Blvd., Suite 403B, Delray Beach, Florida 33483. Tel:
[phone]; fax: [phone].

The Environment and International Security. Edited by Anders
Hjort af Orns and Sverre Lodgaard. 110p. Published jointly by the
International Peace Research Institute (PRIO) and the Research
Programme on Environment and International Security, Department
of Human Geography, Uppsala University (1992). Price is SEK175.
For more information: EPOS, Environmental Policy and Research
Group, Department of Human Geography, Uppsala University,
Sturegatan 9, 753 14 Uppsala, Sweden.

Environmental Perspectives 1993: Studies and Statistics. Produced
and published by Statistics Canada. Available in French under the
title Perspectives environnementales, 1993 : Etudes et
statistiques. CAN$25.00 in Canada, US$30.00 in the U.S.A.,
US$35.00 in other co untries. Order catalogue #11-528E Occasional
from the System of National Accounts, National Accounts and
Environment Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa K1A 0T6. Tel:
[phone]; fax: [phone].

Human Development Report 1993. Produced by the United Nations
Development Progr am. 230p. Published by Oxford University Press
(1993). Available in English, French , Arabic, Italian and
Spanish. US$17.95 (paperback version). Order from Oxford
University Press, 70 Wynford Drive, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontar io
M3C 1J9. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone]. Version
francaise: Editions Economica, 49 rue Hericart, 75015 Paris,
France. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone].

Implementing 2020: Detailed Strategies and Actions for Creating a
Sustainable R egion. Prepared for the Regional Municipality of
Hamilton-Wentworth by The Regional Chairman's Task Force on
Sustainable Development. Free. To order contact the Regional
Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth, 119 King Stre et West, 14th
Floor, P.O. Box 910, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3V9. Tel: (416)
546-2195; fax: [phone].

Network News: Newsletter of the Long-Term Ecological Research
Network. Published twice a year by the Long-Term Ecological
Research Network. Free. For more information: Stephanie Martin,
Editor, University of Washington, AR-10 , Seattle, Washington
98195. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone]; E-mail:
[e-mail] or sMartin@LTERnet.

Population Politics: The Choices that Shape Our Future by
Virginia D. Abernethy . 300p. Published by Insight Books, New
York (1993). US$26.50. For more information: Insight Books, 233
Spring Street, New York, NY 10013. Tel : [phone]; fax:
[phone].

Rpertoire des projets subventionns, fvrier 1993 (Le fonds de
recherche et de dv eloppement technologique en environnement
[FRDT-E]. Produced and published by the Ministre de
l'Environnement, Gouvernement du Qubec (1993). Free. Order from
Fonds de recherche et de dveloppement technologique en
environnement , Ministre de l'Environnement, Direction de la
recherche et des technologies environnement ales, 2360, chemin
Sainte-Foy, 3e tage, bureau 03-02, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V 4H2.
Tel: (418 ) 643-2073; fax: [phone].

Soil Carbon Data for Canadian Soils (Interim Report). Produced by
the Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research,
Agriculture Canada. Published by Agriculture Can ada. Price N/A.
For more information: Centre for Land and Biological Resources
Research, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0C6.

Sustainable Development Research Institute Newsletter. A new
newsletter published by the Sustainable Development Research
Institute, University of British Columbia. Quarterly. Free. To
order: Sustainable Development Research Institute, B5-2202 Main
Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
V6T 1Z4. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone]; E-mail:
[e-mail].

TERRAMON News. Newsletter of TERRAMON, a cooperative network that
facilitates long-term monitoring of and research on environmental
change in Newfoundland and Labrador . Free. For more information:
Louise Green, TERRAMON, Centre for Earth Resources Research,
Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B
3X5. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone].

Vocabulary of Global Warming, Volume I: Contributors to the
Greenhouse Effect. Produced and published by Canada Communication
Group--Publishing, Department of the Secretar y of State of
Canada (1992). Contains new terminology used to describe global
warming and includes a complete typology of the various
categories of major greenhouse gases. Available in English and
French. CAN$36.95 in Canada, US$48.05 outside Canada. Order
catalogue No. S52-2 /214-1992 from Canada Communication
Group--Publishing, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0S9. Tel: (819 ) 956-4802;
fax: [phone].

******************************************************************

Events Calendar

June 26-30, 1993 Acid Reign '95: The 5th International Conference
on Acidic Deposition--Gothenbu rg, Sweden. This conference will
continue the series of which the 4th meeting was held in Glasgow,
Scotland in 1990. To receive information write to Acid Reign '95,
Swedish Exibition Center, Svenska Mssan, Box 5222, S-402 24
Gothenburg, Sweden.

July 14-16, 1993 Developing Large Environmental Databases for
Sustainable Development--Nairobi, Kenya. Contact Asbindu Singh,
Co-Chairman, IUFRO S 4.02.05, UNEP/GRID-Sioux Falls, ERO S Data
Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, U.S.A. Tel: [phone]; fax:
[phone].

July 14-18, 1993 Third International Conference on School and
Popular Meteorological and Oceanog raphic Education--Don Mills,
Ontario. Contact Sheila Bourque, TIC/LAC, Canadian Meteor
ological and Oceanographic Society, P.O. Box 359, Newmarket,
Ontario L3Y 3X7. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone].

Aug. 18-20, 1993 1993 Symposium on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and
Mitigation Research--Washington, DC, U.S.A. Contact T. Kelly
Janes, MD-63, US Environmental Protection Agency, Air a nd Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory, Global Warming Control Branch,
Research Triang le Park, NC 27711, U.S.A.

Sept. 13-17, 1993 Fourth International CO2
Conference--Carqueiranne, France. Contact Ms. Maritine Revillon,
CNRS/INSU, 77 avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France. Tel:
[phone]; fax: [phone].

Sept. 15-18, 1993 44th Arctic Science Conference--Whitehorse,
Yukon. Conference theme is Circumpo lar Information Exchange:
Shrinking the Circumpolar Community. Contact the Conferen ce
Chairperson, Yukon Science Institute, P.O. Box 31137, 211 Main
Street, Whitehor se, Yukon Y1A 5P7.

Sept. 16-18, 1993 Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrologic Cycle
(BAHC) Workshop on Focus 4, The Weat her Generator
Project--Bratislava, Slovakia. Contact Brad Bass, Canadian
Climate Ce ntre, Atmospheric Environment Service, 4905 Dufferin
Street, Downsview, Ontario M3H 5 T4. Tel: [phone]; fax:
[phone].

Sept. 19-25, 1993 International Wildlife Management Congress--San
Jose, Costa Rica. Contact The W ildlife Society, IWMC
Secretariat, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814-2197, U.S.A.
Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone].

Sept. 21-23, 1993 Control of Ozone-Depleting Substances:
Scientific Assessment, Government Initia tives and Industry
Response--Vancouver, British Columbia. Contact Marci Mazzei, Air
and W aste Management Association, P.O. Box 2861, Pittsburgh, PA
15230, U.S.A. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone].

Sept. 28 - Oct. 1, 1993 International Conference on Environmental
Pollution; Science, Policy and Engine ering--Barcelona, Spain.
Contact ICEP Conference Office, ICTR Secretariat, 11-12 Pall
Mall, Londo n SW1Y 5LU, U.K. Tel: [phone]; fax: +44 71
976 1587.

Oct. 4-8, 1993 International Symposium on the Ecological Effects
of Arctic Airborne Contaminan ts--Reykjavik, Iceland. Contact
Debra Steward, Conference Manager, Technical Resources Inc., 3
202 Tower Oaks Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, U.S.A. Tel: (301)
770-3153; fax: [phone].

Oct. 20-22, 1993 The 1993 International CFC and Halon
Alternatives Conference--Washington, DC, U .S.A. Contact Heather
Tardel, International CFC & Halon Alternatives Conference, P.O.
Box 236 , Frederick, MD 21701, U.S.A. Tel: [phone]; fax:
[phone].

Oct. 27-28, 1993 Earth Observations and Global Change Decision
Making: A National Partnership--W ashington, DC., U.S.A.
Conference theme is Global Change: A New Direction for Decision
Mak ing. Contact Wendy Raeder, ERIM Conferences, P.O. Box 134001,
Ann Arbor, MI 48113-4001. Tel: [phone], ext. 3453; fax:
[phone].

Jan. 31-February 2, 1994 Second Thematic Conference on Remote
Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environment s: Needs, Solutions,
and Applications--New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Conference
themes a re Emergency Response and Monitoring, Natural Resources
Management, Marine and Coastal Opera tions, Water Quality,
Environmental Monitoring, and Sensors and Systems Technologies.
Contact Nancy Wallman, ERIM Conferences, P.O. Box 134001, Ann
Arbor, MI 48113-4001. Tel : [phone], ext. 3234; fax: (313)
994-5123.

Feb. 16-21, 1994 Circumpolar Ecosystems in Winter 3--Churchill,
Manitoba. A workshop and symposi um on environments that are
dominated by winter. Contact CEW-3, Churchill Northern St udies
Centre, P.O. Box 610, Churchill, Manitoba, R0B 0E0. Tel: (204)
675-2307; fax: [phone].

May 16-20, 1994 Ecosystem Monitoring and Protected Areas, Second
International Conference on Sc ience and the Management of
Protected Areas--Halifax, Nova Scotia. For information or to subm
it a paper contact Neil Munro, Director, Policy Planning and
Research, Canadian Parks Serv ice, Environment Canada, Historic
Properties, Upper Water Street, Halifax, Nova Scot ia B3J 1S9.
Fax: [phone].

Sept. 20-23, 1994 Coastal Zone Canada '94: Cooperation in the
Coastal Zone--Halifax, Nova Scotia. For information or to submit
an abstract/paper contact Coastal Zone Canada '94, Bedford
Institu te of Oceanography, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
B2Y 4A2. Tel: [phone]; fax: [phone].

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1st International Symposium on Ecosystem Health and Medicine

June 19-22, 1994, Ottawa, Ontario -- Ecosystem health and
medicine is an emerging transdisciplinary field that bridges the
social, health and ecosystem sciences to foster new systematic
methodologies for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of
ecosystems under stress. The symposium--with a New Goals for
Environmental Management theme--will provide an opportunity for
professionals working in ecosystem science and management,
medical and health sciences, environmental ethics and law, and
ecological economics to take part in the development of
integrated approaches to the evaluation, monitoring and
rehabilitation of environmental health at the ecosystem and
landscape levels. It is being organized by the International
Society of Ecosystem Health and Medicine and the University of
Guelph.

For more information on the conference or on the submission of
papers contact Mr. Remo Petrongolo, Symposium Manager, Office of
Continuing Education, 160 Johnston Hall, University of Guelph,
Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1. Telephone: [phone], ext. 3064;
fax: [phone].

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA